SPRAWY MIESZKANIOWE: EWIKCJA NA PODSTAWIE WYGASNIECIA ALBO NARUSZENIA UMOWY

Dawno nie pisalem na tematy prawne. Dzisiaj moze troche na temat spraw mieszkaniowych, znanych moim klientom w Nowym Jorku jako sprawy "landlord & tenant". Sprawy te naleza w miescie Nowy Jork do sadow cywilnych (civil courts), a szczegolnie do ich wydzialow znanych jako "landlord and tenant court", albo tez jako "housing court". Wiekszosc spraw dzieli sie na sprawy o nieplacenie czynszu (non-payment proceedings) i sprawy o ewikcje (holdover proceedings).
W sprawach o ewikcje wlasciciel budynku musi miec powod by wszczac sprawe, badz tez umowa lokatora wygasla, a lokator nie ma najmniejszej ochoty na opuszczenie mieszkania. Najczesciej zaczyna sprawe poprzez dostarczenie lokatorowi pisma ktore konczy prawnie umowe, a znane jest jako "notice of termination". W wielu przypadkach, zwlaszcza w przypadku mieszkan podlegajacych prawu "rent control" czy "rent stabilization", zanim wlasciciel moze pomarzyc o wypowiedzeniu umowy wynajmu, najpierw musi dostarczyc lokatorowi ostrzezenie na pismie, informujace ze jezeli lokator nie przestanie postepowac niezgodnie z prawem mieszkaniowym, czy umowa wynajmu, jego umowa zostanie wypowiedziana. Zawiadomienie to jest znane jako tzw. "notice to cure". Jezeli w przewidzianym terminie, najczesciej jest to 10 dni, lokator nie przestanie naruszac prawa czy warunkow swojej umowy, wlasciciel dopiero wtedy moze wypowiedziec pisemnie umowe, najczesciej jest to 30 dniowe wypowiedzenie, ale moze to byc termin krotszy, w zalznosci od statusu danego mieszkania. Jezeli lokator nadal nie chce opuscic mieszkania, nastepnym etapem jest zlozenie petycji o ewikcje w sadzie "landlord & tenant" i dostarczenie jej lokatorowi, zgodnie z odpowiednimi procedurami. Lokator ma prawo do zlozenia pisemnej odpowiedzi, ktora musi byc dostarczona wlascicielowi i zlozona w sadzie w okreslonym przepisami terminie. Postepowanie w sadzie zazwyczaj wymaga kilkakrotnego stawienia sie przed sedzia, ktory usiluje doprowadzic do ugody. Dopiero gdy sedzia dojdzie do wniosku ze nie ma szans na ugode, i wszelkie wnioski procesowe zostaly rozstrzygniete, dochodzi do przekazania sprawy innemu sedziemu, ktory zajmuje sie wylacznie przeprowadzaniem rozpraw. Ten sedzia prowadzi rozprawe z udzialem swiadkow, po ktorej wydaje koncowy wyrok o ewikcji, badz oddala sprawe. Nawet jezeli zostal wydany wyrok o ewikcji, wlasciciel nie moze wyrzucic lokatora od razu. Specjalny urzednik "marshall" musi dostarczyc lokatorowi odpowiednie pismo, i dopiero po 72 godzinach od jego dostarczenia "marshall" moze dokonac ewikcji, pod warunkiem ze lokator nie zlozyl w sadzie zadnej dodatkowej aplikacji. W przypadku jej zlozenia, sad wstrzymuje ewikcje do czasu rozpatrzenia tego dodatkowego wniosku. W nastepnej czesci zajme sie sprawami o nieplacenie.

Janusz Andrzejewski jest nowojorskim adwokatem piszacym na tematy prawne i inne wazne tematy spoleczne. Mozesz skontaktowac sie z nim pod numerem tel efonu (212) 634-4250  badz poprzez poczte internetowa: jwandrzejewski@gmail.com albo janusz@januszandrzejewski.com

I EXPECT TO BE BACK SOON

Unfortunately, I wasn't able yet to return from Poland, due to my aunt's hospitalization and slow recovery from a heart attack. Hopefully, I will make it back to New York before the year's end. In the meantime, my thoughts are continuously with my clients. Wish you all Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

Janusz Andrzejewski, a lawyer based in New York City, writes here on various community-important topics. Best way to get in touch with him at present is by e-mail, at the following addresses: janusz@januszandrzejewski.com or at jwandrzejewski@gmail.com or at the tel. (212) 634-4250

EXTREMELY WELL BALANCED REAL MADRID WINS BACK-TO-BACK CHAMPIONS LEAGUE TITLES

Real Madrid has made the history today, yet again. As the first team at a club level, the "merengues" were able today to repeat, back-to-back, as the winners of UEFA Champions League, by beating Italian champion Juventus Turin, by the score of 4:1. In the old formula of the competition, called the European Cup of Champions, the "merengues" have won it six times, out of which five times in a row (1956-1960); yet since the enactment of the new formula of UEFA Champions League in 1992, no team, including Messi's Barcelona, was able to win two back-to-back titles. Altogether, the "merengues" have now won record 12 European Champion League titles - the same amount as won by all English club teams! The Real Madrid charismatic coach, and one of the greatest players in soccer history, Zinedine Zidane, was able to give the "merengues" the necessary balance and cohesion which the team was lacking under the previous coaches. Throughout this season, Real had the key players in Marcelo, Modric, Isco, Kross and Ramos, whereas Cristiano Ronaldo, although lacking in dribbling skills and vision to be considered a player on the level of Lionel Messi, is truly now a veritable poacher of goals, even though he disappears for the long intervals of the game. Juventus exhibited throughout this season a formidable defense, yet somehow, due to scintillating Real Madrid midfield, and below par performance of Pijanic and Khedira, the "merengues" were able in the second half to assert the control of the midfield, and to create more scoring opportunities which were converted twice by Ronaldo, in addition to Casemiro and Asensio. Juventus' goalkeeper, Gigi Buffon, who was looking to collect the only missing title in his career, has to hope that 2017/2018 season, apparently the last in his career, will be the lucky one. On the other hand, Paulo Dybala, the formidable dribbler of Juventus, might want to join Barcelona this summer, as Juventus seems to lack quality in the midfield in order to have a shot at winning the next edition of the Champions League.

Janusz Andrzejewski is a New York City based attorney who writes on legal or other community important topics. You can contact him by telephone at (212) 634-4250,  or, through email: janusz@januszandrzejewski.com or jwandrzejewski@gmail.com.

TO FIX ITS LAGGING EDUCATION, THE U.S. SHOULD TAKE A CLOSE LOOK AT POLAND'S SUCCESFUL FORMULA

Poland remains a success story not only with its economy, but even more so, with its educational system, which in the past decade has moved sharply forward from the rear of international pack, and beats now the U.S. on most performance measures. Poland's success has not only been noticed by international educational organizations, but also by American newspapers, i.e. by USA Today, which took a close look last August at Polish education's reform. Apparently, Poland has now the fourth-highest number of higher education students in Europe, only behind the U.K., Germany and France. In reading, Poland is ahead of the U.K., Germany or France, and far ahead of the U.S.. Poland surpassed the U.S. even in math, by placing 19th on a survey by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) whereas the U.S. was ranked at 27th place, well below average.
Pursuant to last year's Pearson's Global Education Index,  the U.S. is ranked in 14th place globally in cognitive skills and educational attainment, whereas Poland, which surpassed the U.S., leaped to 10th place in the world. Following are the top 10 countries in the Pearson's ranking: South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Finland, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland and Poland (Germany, Denmark and Russia are ahead of the U.S., too).
Poland's curriculum is mostly based on the effects of the education - not just what the students know but what they can do, and how they can use their knowledge practically. Poland started the revamping of its educational system only in 1998, approximately 10 years after the fall of communism, when the country already was flying in the aftermath of market reforms, and deregulation and privatization made Poland's economy one of Europe's fastest growing. But Poland's schools in that period of revamping of its economy still continued to rely on old course materials, with education putting emphasis on producing technicians and vocational workers for heavy industries. Miroslaw Handke, then Minister of Education, got a green light, and with remarkable speed, in a year, academia in Poland was unrecognizable. Poland switched its educational system to a new form of general education that resisted specialization. A year later, in 2000, Poland began leap to the international league tables. By 2012, the last time OECD conducted its survey, Poland was one of the best teaching countries in the world. In fact, its the only one to have gone from below average in the charts, to above average, with its GDP ranking only 46th globally. On key indicators - math, science and reading, it came from behind to rank well ahead of the United States. How did Poland manage to do so? Well, under the revamped system, primary school lasts six years, followed by three years of a new comprehensive lower secondary school, before a decision is made on whether to send a student to vocational training. Knowledge - reading, writing, arithmetic - is valued above technical skill. Foreign language, especially English - became a key component. In 2000 only 1 percent of kids received four hours or more of language classes. By 2006 that figure jumped to 76 percent.
Notwithstanding the success in education, Poland spends only around $5,000 per student annually from primary to tertiary education, but outperforms the United States, which spends three times more than Poland on education of one student. Of course, a part of the educational success is based in the socialist past, when Poland's education system went through its first wide and deep modernization.
The economy in Poland continues to be strong. In fact, Poland was the only European country which did not succumb to 2009 recession (in fact, it registered, as the only country in Europe, a 1.6% growth in 2009). January, 2015 indicators show a booming economy, with over 8 percent growth. However, Poland still remains a low payer for teachers, approximately $650 per month, compared with the national average of all workers of $945 per month (of course, one has to remember that education, healthcare and the rest of social safety net are still provided in Poland free of charge). Obviously, Poland will have to upgrade the salaries of their teachers rather sooner than later. There are also some unexpected sides to the educational success of Poland, i.e. Poland's rapid development of foreign language training has a negative side effect. Many Poles are leaving home to gain skills abroad. While it generally helps the technology sector, if they return, many of them never do, preferring to stay in the U.K., Norway, Germany, Netherlands, France or Austria, where they can count on higher wages. But despite the negative effect of losing so many of creative and energetic young people to economies of Western Europe, Poland's educational system is an example to the whole world, and a stellar proof that its not just the money that makes good students.

Janusz Andrzejewski, a New York City based attorney, writes on legal and other important community topics. You can contact him by telephone (212) 634-4250 or, through e-mail: janusz@januszandrzejewski.com or jwandrzejewski@gmail.com

CREDO

Na material poluje.
Taki prosty, szczery, szorstki...
Niegarbowany i niemalowany,
Najlepiej swojski.

Szukam o zyciu opowiesci,
Ktoras takze Twa historie zmiesci.
Tylko otworz sie na promien lsnienia,
I przeczytaj zakurzone strzepy ody do marzenia,
Szkicowane kiedys lotem dzikich gesi.
Alchemia slowa, esencja zycia,
Kobieta do odkrycia.
Ot, i caly moj interes...

Opowiadaj wiec, opowiadaj, dziewcze hoze,
Twa historie w zbior mych bajek dla doroslych wloze.
Opowiadaj wiec gestami, usmiechami,
Twoich oczu odcieniami.
Mozesz tez slowami, pisanymi, szeptanymi...
Glosem aksamitnym, chropowatym...
Potem utnij wszystko, tym spojrzeniem lodowatym...

Szukam momentow zapomnienia,
Odcieni Twojego spojrzenia,
Zawislego na galeziach Plant.
Szukam krakowskiego wrzesnia, co sie juz nie wroci,
I po nocach w Nowym Jorku ciagle smuci...
Szukam Ciebie, szukam siebie,
Na bazarze wystrzepionych wspomnien,
Cerowanych pajeczyna zapomnienia.

J. Andre Jeski
Nowy Jork, wrzesien, 2011 r.

Nieupowaznione uzycie powyzszego materialu stanowi naruszenie praw autorskich i moze byc scigane sadownie.

FOR YOUR EYES ONLY...

Your eyes, my mysterious and beautiful, are quite haunting.
But mileage, between the two of us, spectacularly daunting.
Perhaps, my dear, we can at least converse right now a bit,
To simply decide who at the other shall spring a sudden hit.

And those mesmerizing and green eyes are truly riveting.
Prolonged looking at you is to me a constant bloodletting.
The thought of seeing you dancing is always spellbinding.
Not having you here with me is to craziness mind driving.

I love your ever present blackness, it reminds me a little bit
Of some dark things, when still young, I lackadaisically did.
I'm kind of, well, enamored, by your every daylight docility,
Even though, I am always scared of your emotional fragility.

J. Andre Jeski,
New York City, November 7, 2014

Warning: Unauthorized use of this material, without consent of the author, constitutes a violation of the author's copyrights and might trigger a legal action.

BLOW TO ZIONISM: YOUNG ISRAELIS EMIGRATE TO BERLIN, OF ALL PLACES IN THE WORLD

Even The New York Times could not stay away this time from reporting on the strange phenomena of emigration of talented young Israelis to Berlin. Of all the places in the world, the capital of Germany appears to be a favorite destination city of the young professional and artistic elite of Israel. Apparently, Berlin's cosmopolitan flair, vibrant arts scene and advanced public transportation are huge draws to the young Israelis, faced with higher and higher costs of living in Israel and no prospects for decent middle class life. In many circles in Tel Aviv the fact of young Israelis happily emigrating to Berlin, the place in which Adolf Hitler designed the final solution of Jews, is met with horror and considered the ultimate failure of Zionism. The Israeli hipsters in Tel Aviv sport now T-shirts with inscriptions: "I love Berlin" or "I also want to go to Germany". While Berlin's Israeli community grows in numbers, in Israel grows the demand for teachers of German language... Strange times, indeed!

Janusz Andrzejewski, New York City based attorney, writes on legal and other community important topics. You can contact him by telephone (212-634-4250), or, through e-mail: janusz@januszandrzejewski.com